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BATTLES BETWEEN UTTARAKHAND AND NEPAL:- Way to treaty of "SUGAULI"

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                 GARHWAL -KUMAON - NEPAL                                            GURKHAYANI Gurkha rulers were the nepali origin people who were very efficient in battle skills and were very ferocious . In 1790 they  took advantage of the weakness of the kumaon regime and defeated the ruler of kumaon Mahendra chand in Hawalabag easily and  captured Almora .In 1791 they captured the whole kumaon region . After conquring kumaon they tried to conquer  garhwal region in 1791 but defeated in Langurgarh . The ruler of garhwal ageed on a treaty with gurkhas to protect them from further intrusions .Now the ruler of garhwal have to pay 25000 rupees per year to the gurkhas for  not attacking them  again . But  in february 1803  the gurkhas again in the leadership of Amar Singh Thapa and Hastidal Chautriya attacked garhwal . At that time garhwal was affacted by a major devastataing earthquake and the gurkhas took advantage of this opportunity and defeate garhwal . The garhwal king Pradyuman Sh
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NANDA DEVI BIOSPHERE RESERVE

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Nanda Devi National Park was established in 1982 by the Government of India. It is situated at the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand at  30°25'7"N-  79°50'59"E extended in 624 sqkm of area at an altitude of 5431 m. It was further converted into bio reserve in 1988 extending its area further to 5860.69 sqkm  and recognition of UNESCO World Heritage site. The famous Nanda Devi peak was also situated in this biosphere reseve. Dr Harshawanti Bisht was the first women to climbe this peak and won Arjun award for this. Common fauna found in this  bio reserve are Himalayan musk deer , Himalayan thar , snow leopard , Himalayan black bear , Himalayan brown bear, langurs  mainland serow , monal , golden eagle , Himalayan greece beak and other 200 different species of different animals. Common flora found in this bio reseve are chid (quercus leucotrichophora) , buransh (rhodedendron arboreum) ,chid (pinus rozburghii sargent) , fir ,juniper and many more species of some rare flo
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Formation Of The State "UTTARAKHAND"

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Uttaranchal state formation bill was first passed in  floor Lok Sabha on 1 august 2000. The bill was passed in Rajya Sabha  on 10 august 2000. Uttaranchal rajya formation bill was passed by the President of India on 28 august 2000. Finally Uttarancal state was formed on 9 november 2000. At that time Uttaranchal was the 27th state formed of The  Republic  Of  India. It was 11th himalyan state formed at that time . In  31/12/2006 its name changed from Uttaranchal to Uttarakhand . Dehradun is the summar capital and Garsain is the winter capital of the state . H.D.Devkonda was the first Prime Minister of the country who announces the formation of Uttarakhand from premises of Lal Kila in 15/08/1996. The central government led by B.J.P first laid the Uttarapradesh recreation bill in the Parliament in 27 july 2000.
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HOLY RIVERS

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     Rivers  :-  origin   :-  confluence    * Tons(tamas) :- Bandarpunch mountain :-       near kalsi in Yamuna                                                                                      * Yamuna :- Bandarpunch mointain  :-             prayagraj  with ganga   * Bhagirathi    :- Gaumukh of Gangotri Glacier   :-  Devprayag  with  Alaknanda   * Bhilganga :-  Srikhant (Khatling) Glacier :-     in Tehri   with  Bhagirathi   *Mandakni   :- Kedarnath Glacier :-   in Rudraprayag  with Alaknand    *Saraswati   :- Devtal :- near mana with alaknanda    * Alaknanda :- Sathopath Glacier :- Panchprayag  and  named as ganga after plains of Haridwar     * Pindar  :-     Pindar Glacier :- near Karnprayg with Alaknanda    * Nayar  :- Dudhatoli mountain  :-   near vyasghat with ganga      * Ramgarh :- Dudhatoli mountain :-  reached in plains near  kalagarh                                                                    
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Uttarakhand introduction

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Uttarakhand is the 27th state of union of India. It  gets its full fledged recognition on 2aug 2000. Comorise of 13 districts which are known as kumaon(6) and gadhwali(6) . The kumaon region comprises of nanital , almoda , pithoragrah , udhamsinghneagar, bageshwar , champawat. The garhwal region comprises of chamoli , uttarkashi ,Dehradun, tehri ,haridwar and rudraprayag.                       Uttrakhand was the 11th Himalayan state extended inb 34,651sqkm area having ngth 358km from east to west  and 320km from north to south. It is 1.6% of the total geographical ar ea of india and 18th largesr state of the country.  It is situated in 28°43'N -31°27'S latitude and 77°34' E -81°02' W longitude. Surrounded by Tibet Himalaya (China) north ,tons river from the west , Kali river (Nepal)  from east, and plain areas of India from South.                                                   International boundaries are attached with Nepal and China. Situated at an altitude of 7,81
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